STEM · Full roadmap · ~120 min read · 35 steps

🛠️System Administrator (Aotearoa NZ)

Own and run real infrastructure in Aotearoa: servers, identity, sovereignty, automation, and recovery

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What a system administrator actually owns

The Linux filesystem hierarchy

Users, groups, and ownership

Permissions: chmod and chown

Package managers: apt and yum

systemd and managing services

Processes and resource use

Cron and scheduled jobs

SSH and key authentication

Reading logs under /var/log

Shell scripting for real tasks

Windows Server roles and features

Active Directory: forest, domain, and OU design

Group Policy and GPO design

DNS and DHCP server administration

FSMO roles, replication, sites and services

Virtualization and hypervisors

VM lifecycle, snapshots, and resource allocation

Storage: RAID, SAN, NAS, iSCSI, and LVM

Identity, access, and least privilege

Containers and the cloud, with the NZ regions

Data sovereignty, the cloud-first policy, and where NZ data lives

Infrastructure as code and configuration management

PowerShell and Bash automation in practice

Patch and update management at scale

Monitoring and observability

Backup and disaster recovery

Security hardening, the NZISM, and CIS benchmarks

The Privacy Act 2020, notifiable breaches, and the NCSC

Māori data sovereignty when your systems hold NZ data

Capacity planning

Common mistakes that bite sysadmins

The culture and career side in Aotearoa: on-call, postmortems, and where the job leads

Where to go next

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